What Is Caustic Soda and Where Can You Get It

Caustic soda is one of the common names for sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is also known as lye. Its common name derives from its chemical identity as a sodium hydrate and because it is caustic or corrosive.  In pure form, caustic soda is a waxy, white solid. It readily absorbs water and forms aqueous solutions. Commercially available caustic soda or sodium hydroxide is usually sodium hydroxide monohydrate, NaOH ·H2O. Key Takeaways: Caustic Soda Caustic soda is one of the common names for sodium hydroxide (NaOH).It is also known as lye, although lye may refer to either potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.Pure caustic soda is sold for making candles or soap.Impure caustic soda is found in drain cleaner.Because lye is used to make illegal drugs, its harder to buy large quantities than in the past. However, small containers are available in stores and online. Uses of Caustic Soda or Lye Lye is used for soap making, candle making, homemade biodiesel, frosting glass, making several foods, and for chemistry experiments. How to Get Caustic Soda or Lye Its much harder to get hold of lye than it used to be in the past. The main source of caustic soda was Red Devil Lye, but that product is off the market now. Why is it hard to get lye? The reason is because it can be used to control pH during methamphetamine production. There are still a few ways to get the chemical. Make sure the product is 100% sodium hydroxide, lye, or caustic soda. This is especially important if you are making food, since an impure product may contain dangerous contaminants. Sources of lye include: Drain cleaner (check the label) - e.g., Roebic Crystal Drain Cleaner, sold as LowesSodium hydroxide from an online chemical supply storeSoap making storeCandle making storeBiodiesel supply store Be aware, when purchasing caustic soda or lye, you may need to sign a statement that youre not using it for illegal activities. Or, you may not need to sign anything, since a credit card pretty much provides all the details needed to find you if the authorities think youre a rising drug lord. Helpful Tips Since its relatively hard to get hold of this chemical, you may need to buy in bulk. You may be able to find other people that need the chemical to help split the cost. Its not an expensive item, but you probably dont need several pounds of it.Keep the container sealed and away from moisture. Caustic soda absorbs and reacts with water.Keep lye away from children and pets. Touching or ingesting it can cause a potentially severe chemical burn.Use gloves or utensils to handle caustic soda.Perform reactions involving this chemical in a well-ventilated room or outdoors. The reaction releases heat and noxious fumes. Caustic Soda or Lye Substitutes Depending on the purpose, you may be able to substitute a chemically  similar strong base, potassium hydroxide (KOH). This is a chemical you can, if you are extremely dedicated, make yourself by soaking wood ashes in water. To do this, soak a large quantity of ashes in a small amount of water. Allow about a week for the water to extract the lye. Drain the liquid, which contains potassium hydroxide, filter it, and boil it to concentrate the alkali. Be careful to use gloves when handling the liquid. The project should only be performed outdoors or in a well-ventilated space. Sources Brodale, G. E. and W. F. Giauque (1962). The freezing point-solubility curve of aqueous sodium hydroxide in the region near the anhydrous-monohydrate eutectic. Journal of Physical Chemistry, volume 66, issue 10, pp. 2051–2051. doi:10.1021/j100816a051Deming, Horace G. (1925). General Chemistry: An Elementary Survey Emphasizing Industrial Applications of Fundamental Principles (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc.Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN 1439855110.OBrien, Thomas F.; Bommaraju, Tilak V. Hine, Fumio (2005). Handbook of Chlor-Alkali Technology, vol. 1. Berlin, Germany: Springer. Chapter 2: History of the Chlor-Alkali Industry, p. 34. ISBN 9780306486241.Pickering, Spencer Umfreville (1893): LXI.—The hydrates of sodium, potassium, and lithium hydroxides. Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions, vol. 63, pp. 890–909. doi:10.1039/CT8936300890

Sexism And The Effects Of Growing Up - 2309 Words

Sexism and the Effects of Growing up in a Man’s World W0512971 Southeastern Louisiana University Abstract The purpose of this study is to determine whether sexism has an effect on the lives of women in situations such as breastfeeding their child and whether or not people take offense to the sight of seeing a mother breastfeed her child. I will recruit 100 participants, 50 males, and 50 females, ranging from ages 18 to 50. I will perform my study using an experimental design where participants are shown a series of images in a video on a projector screen and they will place the images in one of two categories, with ten slots open for each category. The next part of my study will be to ask the participants in an essay question if they would continue, or be comfortable with their significant other continuing to breastfeed in public after receiving negative feedback from a stranger (See Appendix). I hypothesize that the majority of the participants will place an image of a mother breastfeeding in a public setting in a â€Å"bad deeds† category, but will place a picture of shirtless m en playing football in the park in the â€Å"good deeds† category. I expect to come to the conclusion that people are more likely to take offense to the sight of a woman breastfeeding than to seeing a shirtless man. Sexism and the Effects of Growing up in a Man’s World Sexism has been observed throughout history. There was once a time where women were denied an education, theShow MoreRelatedPaternal Involvement Is Impacted By Culture And Gender Norms937 Words   |  4 Pagesis portrayed through the behaviors they show. Gender stereotypes are different depending on the culture. The Hispanic cultures carry many gender stereotypes and bias, especially with parenting. The Hispanic parenting styles are based on power and sexism, mostly for male parents. 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Flat or House Free Essays

I would like to speak about what is better to live in a flat or in a house ? Comparing living in a flat or a house is difficult. Someone says that living in a house is better than in a flat and someone the opposite. An I think that living in house is much better than living in flat. We will write a custom essay sample on Flat or House or any similar topic only for you Order Now Fistly, I would like to speak about living in a flat. Speaking about positives aspects about living in a flat I should say that people who‘s doesn’t like working in garden or just being quiet and alone there really should choose to live in a flat as you don’t have any problems about that. But living in a flat there is and negative aspects. I live in a flat. The flats are often smaller than houses. In flats there usually isn’t so much place as in a house. If a family has more children, the children must live in one room together. In most cases, people living in flats don’t have any gardens or cottages, only a garage. The main advantage of living in a flat is that flats aren’t so expensive and usually are situated in a town, where everything is near and handy. Secondly, I would like to speak about living in house. Living in houses has many advantages too. There are more places for living. Every member of the family can have his or her room. A house usually has more rooms. In a house can be a big kitchen with larder, a workroom, a fitness room, more bedrooms, toilets and bathrooms and of course an attic. There can be spare rooms for guests and visitors too. In the house, there can be a cellar, where to store the vegetables and fruits from a garden. Next to a house, there is usually a  big or small garden, where children can play and they don’t play on the street, where there is a traffic. For example, you can also keep pets there on a garden. Family can work in a garden, relax, or do various parties. Houses usually have garages. It’s very good place for men’s hobbies. Speaking about negatives aspects I should say that living in hause is very expensive and it is require a lot of care: such as housework. Also in detached house you can feel like in your own castle. Nobody disturbs you, but also nobody helps you too. You house usually is in the suburb. There is cleaner air and prettier environment then in the centre. In suburb, you need to have your own car, because usually there is no bus stop and you have to walk for a few kilometres to the nearest one. All in all, I should say that I better prefer living in a house then living in a flat because it is much more comfortable and better than living in a flat. How to cite Flat or House, Papers

Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers

Quewstion: Discuss about the Ethical Issues Confronting IT Managers. Answer: Introduction Ethical concern is becoming the most relevant and important aspect related to the information and technology. Ethics is nothing but the right choice of action according to any issue or situation. In this report, the one of the ethical issues of confronting IT managers are being discussed to understand the impact of violating measures of privacy. In addition to this, the ethical issues chosen for discussing above mentioned aspect is availability of information is leading to the misuse of those information. This report is covering the following aspects: viewpoint of the stakeholders about the ethical issues, importance of ethical concerns rather than the legal action in considering the resolution process of ethical issues, ethical obligation of stakeholders and guidance of the Australian Code of Ethics to the story. Chosen story for describing ethical issues confronting IT Managers is: Facebooks WhatsApp Privacy Changes Raise EU, U.S. Concerns (Bloomberg.com 2016). Ethical issues from the viewpoint of stakeholders in the story There are mainly three stakeholders in the concerned story related to misuse of availability of information. These stakeholders are Users of Facebook and WhatsApp, FTP and the companies itself (Bloomberg.com 2016). Different ethical viewpoint of these stakeholders are explained below. Ethical issues from the viewpoint of Facebook and WhatsApp The story published on 29th August of 2016 it was clear that the above mentioned famous organization of social networking are misusing the private data for their own benefits. The organizations are using these data for making revenues through collaborating with their advertising and other social networking partners such as banks, Instagram and Facebook etc (Weiss 2014). From the ethical point of view, this decision is not correct as these organizations are using the private data without the permission of the users. FTP charged Facebook and WhatsApp for their violation of commitment with them. Ethical issues from the view point of users of Facebook and WhatsApp Users are main object in the concerned case. All the specifications are evolving around the needs of the user. In contrast with the ethical viewpoint of this case, users are completely suffered due to the unethical decisions of the social networking organizations. Facebook and WhatsApp shares all the private and confidential data of users to their business partners (Bloomberg.com 2016). This aspect helps these business partners to send messages and detailed information to the users such as offers, new schemes and other details that their organization want to provide. According to the U.S. federal Trade Commission, Facebook and WhatsApp has violated the federal law of banning unfair and deceptive practices (Bloomberg.com 2016). This detail has guided the user of these social networking sites that they should change their personal data regularly in order to have secured way of transactions and also secured way of searching within the internet. Ethical issues from the view point of FTP The U.S. Federal Trade Commission has recognized two complaints from the end of users of Facebook and WhatsApp. These complaints are the user data is being misused by the business partners as well as social networking sites itself. Private data such as phone numbers, date of birth of the user, address and other than these personal data are being transferred to the business partners of Facebook and WhatsApp for making their brand popular and increase the revenues (Bloomberg.com 2016). According to the ethical concerned viewpoint of FTP, they are blaming these social networking sites to violate the prohibition acts against these deceptive practices. European Union Regulators have said that the users of these social networking sites should change their personal data for their own safety (Zydziunaite and Suominen 2014). Therefore, from the ethical point of view in this case, FTP plays a positive role in providing and they are ethically correct. Justification for resolving the issues through ethical process rather than the legal one Ethical evaluation is very important while considering the resolution process of unethical act. Ethics is one of most important aspects that should be concerned while measuring the effectiveness of the issue, situation or incident. Ethics helps to define the outcomes of any case or situation with respect to right or wrong measures (Bloomberg.com 2016). According to the case analyzed in this report, the case can be resolved by forcefully applying any acts or law but it will not directly affect the wrong concern of the targeted stakeholders (Chen and Zhao 2012). Ethical evaluation of the case not only helps to identify the depth and impact of the case on other stakeholders as well as on population but also helps to set a new making level of the ethical concern. The social networking sites and FTP can easily analyze the problems of the users and accordingly the social networking media has changed their policies that had made the personal data protected from any kind of attack or hacking measures. According to the ethical measures, Facebook and WhatsApp are obliged to ask the users for transferring their data to the other business organizations (Bloomberg.com 2016). Form the ethical point of view FTP states that these social networking media has violated the law of restricting deceptive practices. Sale to Facebook it was the first step by it towards the unethical measures. They changed all the setting of the WhatsApp that helps them to earn more money from the competitive market (Bloomberg.com 2016). Following are the justified measures for choosing the ethical aspects to resolve any issues rather than legal actions: Honesty: Honesty is a crucial matter of concern that specifies the appropriateness of the actions. Ethical resolution process in this case does not create any forceful impact on the social networking media and government (Martin et al. 2016). It resolved the problems smoothly. Objectivity: Ethical measures always keep the objectives highlighted. In this case, the main objective is to protect the user data and their privacy rights (Jung et al. 2013). With the help of legal actions objectives may be highlighted but the resolution process of the issue may become harmful to some extent. Integrity: Any legal action cannot provide justice to all the stakeholders of any case but ethical measures provide same importance to all the stakeholders of the concerned case. Carefulness: Ethical evaluation may be some times rough and straightforward action to the targeted stakeholders but it always provide careful attention to each stakeholders involved within the case. Respect for intellectual property: Ethical concern not only provides attention to the users of Facebook and WhatsApp but also take care of the social networking media while considering the importance of social media (Bloomberg.com 2016). Confidentiality: Confidentiality is always maintained in case of the ethical measurement, as the confidentiality is one of the most important pillars of judgment. Social responsibilities: Ethical evaluation is done with respect to the legal rights and moral aspects of human that is in turns connected with the social responsibility (Adelola et al. 2015). Legality: On the other hand, the ethical measure always follows the legal aspects of the rules and regulations. Human Subject Protection: Moral values are always concerned while performing any ethical evaluation of any issue. Ethical obligations of the stakeholders towards each other and general population Facebook and WhatsApp are leading social media platforms. Though these have affected upon the modern era, still it has some obligations that has to be followed by these giants. These are mentioned as follows: Fair dealings: In contrast with the case analyzed in this report, it is found that WhatsApp and Facebook have not maintained fair dealings (Eckhoff and Sommer 2014). They had used their customer data to earn more revenues. This aspect leads to the unfair dealings. Therefore this obligation should have to be followed by the organization. Positive attitude towards regulating acts: Facebook and WhatsApp has violated the law of banning deceptive practices according to FTP (Bloomberg.com 2016). Therefore, the positive attitudes of these Social networking sites are not shown. Social responsibility: In contrast with the social responsibility the social networking, sites have no maintained their responsibility towards the society. Ethical obligation of FTP towards other stakeholders of the case Several obligatory measures should be provided by FTP to the citizens of U.S. these measures are stated as follows: Consumer protection: FTP has obliged to the users of Social networking sites and it should protect the rights of customer privacy (Bloomberg.com 2016). In contrast with the case being discussed in this report, the leading social networking giants are forced change their new policies. Violation of Public policies: FTP has reviewed that the leading social networking giant violates the Law of banning deceptive practices (Slade and Prinsloo 2013). Therefore, they had taken right steps to provide justified measures to this aspect. Unethical conduct: It is the duty of the FTP to ensure that all the measures conducted by any organizations are going in an ethical way. In contrast with this rule, this aspect is maintained here. Ethical obligation of users towards other stakeholders of the case There are two ethical obligations that have to be followed by the consumers or user related to the social networking (Smith et al. 2013). The user has to pay the appropriate amount of money to the organization in order to get the disrupted service form the end of authority. In case of the FTP, the users of social networking media have to follow the rules and regulations of this concerned authority to maintain ethical evaluation perfect and justified (Hong and Thong 2013). In contrast with the case, here the users of social networking media follow both of these obligations. Guidance of ACS to the ethical issues in the story There are six code of conduct in according to the ACS code of ethics. According to the context of the case is being analyzed in the report two guidance can be provided to the stakeholders of the case. These codes are primacy of the public interest and honesty. Honesty is mentioned inn order to highlight the unethical steps taken by the leading social networking giant (Buchanan 2012). They should maintain honesty in order deal ethically with their consumers. primacy of the public interest and honesty are applicable to the FTP for improving their justice towards the consumers as well as users of some policies (Hardy 2015). The social networking giants and FTP can follow these codes in order to serve the consumers in a better way. Conclusion It can be concluded that in most of the cases of information-technology, ethical concern is being highlighted as technological advancements are introducing new threats to the information system. In contrast with the real life case related to ethical issues confronting IT Managers, it can be evaluated that the ethical concern and justification of the measures are very important. This report has provided an overview of the stakeholders involved within the story as well as the resolution process of the ethical issues. In addition to this, ethical obligations of each stakeholder are elaborated in a detailed manner. This elaboration highlighted the need of guidance from the ACS Code of Conduct. Two guidance are provided to evaluate the role of each stakeholders in contrast with the ethical evaluation. References Adelola, T., Dawson, R. and Batmaz, F., 2015. Privacy and data protection in e-commerce in developing nations: evaluation of different data protection approaches. Avey, J.B., Wernsing, T.S. and Palanski, M.E., 2012. Exploring the process of ethical leadership: The mediating role of employee voice and psychological ownership.Journal of Business Ethics,107(1), pp.21-34. Bloomberg.com. 2016.Facebooks WhatsApp Privacy Changes Raise EU, U.S. Concerns. [online] Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-29/whatsapp-privacy-changes-raise-eu-concern-over-user-data-control [Accessed 21 Sep. 2016]. Buchanan, E., 2012. Ethical decision-making and internet research. Chen, D. and Zhao, H., 2012, March. Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. InComputer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Eckhoff, D. and Sommer, C., 2014. Driving for big data? Privacy concerns in vehicular networking.IEEE Security Privacy,1(12), pp.77-79. Hardy, P., 2015, December. First do no harm: developing an ethical process of consent and release for digital storytelling in healthcare. InSeminar. Net: Media, Technology Life-Long Learning(Vol. 11, No. 3). Hong, W. and Thong, J.Y., 2013. Internet privacy concerns: an integrated conceptualization and four empirical studies.MIS Quarterly,37(1), pp.275-298. Jung, T., Mao, X., Li, X.Y., Tang, S.J., Gong, W. and Zhang, L., 2013, April. Privacy-preserving data aggregation without secure channel: Multivariate polynomial evaluation. InINFOCOM, 2013 Proceedings IEEE(pp. 2634-2642). IEEE. Keng, F.T., Ruedy, N., Johnson, H.H. and Avolio, B.J., 2013, January. The Ethics of Change: The Effects of Authoritarian and Ethical Leadership on Organizational Change. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2013, No. 1, p. 17561). Academy of Management. Markham, A., Buchanan, E. and AoIR Ethics Working Committee, 2012. Ethical decision-making and Internet research: Version 2.0.Association of Internet Researchers. Martin, K.D., Borah, A. and Palmatier, R.W., 2016. Data Privacy: Effects on Customer and Firm Performance.Journal of Marketing. Slade, S. and Prinsloo, P., 2013. Learning analytics ethical issues and dilemmas.American Behavioral Scientist,57(10), pp.1510-1529. Smith, N.C., Goldstein, D.G. and Johnson, E.J., 2013. Choice without awareness: Ethical and policy implications of defaults.Journal of Public Policy Marketing,32(2), pp.159-172. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Zydziunaite, V. and Suominen, T., 2014. Leadership styles of nurse managers in ethical dilemmas: Reasons and consequences.Contemporary nurse,48(2), pp.150-167.